Whats the high heels for, Garbo Essay Example

Whats the high heels for, Garbo? Paper How Does Miller present manliness in a view from the extension? Manliness is a clear subject that goes through the play and is made evident through the discourse and activities of the characters. The principle driving guys are Eddy, Marco and Rudolph, [Alfieri could likewise be considered as a primary male role] each assuming various jobs and various kinds of men. Arthur Miller undermines from the topic of manliness and features the ever significant subject of womanliness all through, how it looks at and fits side long to manliness as well. The social and authentic foundation of a view from the scaffold is spoken to from Italy in the hours of the 1950s. Italy is surely related in shows for the Mafia, in this way the men are required to be masculine, solid however family orientated because of the red hot energy in the Italian culture. The zone of Red Hook in Brooklyn is arranged close to the dock which likewise gives that all men would be solid from lifting on the docks. The social and chronicled foundation to the story makes it that increasingly alive, is that it is realized that Miller, [who in truth is polish], use to work in the Brooklyn Naval yard where he become a close acquaintence with Italians who disclosed to him anecdotes about men approaching work illicitly and how they were sold out. In the story the characters foundation influences their perspectives and conduct, just as the subject of the play. Every one of these components have bearing on the issue of manliness introduced in the play since they all include We will compose a custom exposition test on Whats the high heels for, Garbo? explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Whats the high heels for, Garbo? explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Whats the high heels for, Garbo? explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The manly and female jobs during the 1950s would have been extremely cliché of what individuals figure the jobs of ladies and men ought to be. The men would go to work every day, bringing home cash for the family and the ladies would have remained at home bringing up the children and up keeping the house. In Red Hook, where it was predominately Italians who originated from Italy to work, the men most assurance would be working at the docks as it would be quick, income sans work. The crowd will have the option to take advantage of these jobs, both present day and contemporary crowds, and they would have likely expected it because of the time the play was set. The obvious jobs of ladies and men is seen plainly as Miller stresses a ton on the manliness side through the conduct and activities of those in the play. Mill operator presents Eddie at first rolling in from a day of work as dedicated, high-figured, defensive character in his family. The crowd will see this and start to get it through the things he state, how he says it and the manner in which he acts. The picture of the diligent employee originates from one of the primary things he says. His companion Louis inquires as to whether he is working the following day and Eddie answers with: Yeah, theres one more day yet on that transport which shows Eddie The high figure sculpture originates from the way, his niece Catherine idolizes him as he shows up, nearly asking for his endorsement with her new look and ensuring he is sat agreeable from his day of work. She ceaselessly asks him, You like it? , taking him by the arm, driving him to his easy chair and offering him brew. She sits behind her alongside him, nearly inferring that she is admiring him from where shes sat when talking. Eddie has all the earmarks of being defensive over his niece through the things he says. For example, I think its too short aint it? , Listen you been giving me the creeps the manner in which you stroll down the road, I mean it, I dont like the looks theyre givin you in the treats store, The heads are turning like windmills, You aint all the young ladies Eddie is introduced first to show that he is the hero of the story and the one we will watch create in character through the play. Mill operator needed to give us who the primary manly character will be. The way that the primary fundamental character is male likewise shows that manliness is a significant component to the play. Eddie and Beatrice fit connected at the hip with the manly and ladylike jobs.

What Are Rites of Passage Essay Example

What Are Rites of Passage? Paper Throughout everyday life, as some may state, we as a whole experience various stages. The conventional stages are typically classed as being conceived, youth, pre-adulthood (through which, learning is additionally arranged), adulthood, middle age, mature age, lastly, passing. In Christianity, and, for sure, most religions, these stages, or periods of life, are set apart with a service; to commend ones going through life, and closer to paradise (where, Christians state, one goes to after death a compensation for being acceptable and doing the correct things during life) and God. The Diagram, beneath, shows a couple of them. These functions are what Rites of Passage are. A ceremony, or custom is only a proper method of expressing to oneself, others, and God, that they have gone through their last stage, and have proceeded onward to the following, subsequently the term. The services, themselves, for the most part have set requests, and customs dependent on what God has advised them to do, through the Bible and Jesus. Sanctification Go in this manner and make disciplesbaptising them for the sake of the Father and of the Son and of the Essence of God Matthew 28:19 At the point when an infant is conceived, it is the beginning of another life, hence, Christians commend its beginning the excursion, with its immersion, or initiating. It likewise reflects Jesus, the leader of the congregation, as, before he started to spread his message, he was submersed in a waterway, by John the Baptist: We will compose a custom article test on What Are Rites of Passage? explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on What Are Rites of Passage? explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on What Are Rites of Passage? explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Jesus originated from Galilee to the Jordan to John, so as to be sanctified through water by him. In any case, the last attempted to forestall him, saying: I am the one waiting be submersed by you, and would you say you are coming to me? In answer Jesus said to him: Let it be, this time, for in that way it is appropriate for us to do all that is upright then he quit forestalling him. In the wake of being purified through water Jesus promptly came up from the water; and, look, the sky were opened up, and he saw plunging like a bird Gods soul happening upon him. Look! Likewise, there was a voice from the sky that stated: This is my child, the cherished, whom I have endorsed.' Matthew 3:13-17 To impersonate Jesus, the initiating happens around a round water holder made of stone, called the text style, close to the passageway of the congregation, representing their entrance into the Christian confidence (likewise, in a memorial service, the body is taken out through an exit at the furthest edge of the congregation to represent their exit. See Death). Everybody amasses around the textual style, loaded up with sacred (water which has been honored), and the cleric, or priest, at that point makes the indication of the cross on the babys brow, and says: I submerse you [name] for the sake of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit/Ghost, alluding to the book of scriptures. This washes away any transgression, and favors the youngster for what's to come. The youngster is then given a Christian name, and the Godparents are delegated. It is the obligation of the Godparents to take care of the kid, if at any time the guardians can't. On the off chance that the kid is male, generally, at that point he will have two adoptive parents and one back up parent, and the other way around. Toward the finish of the function, the youngster is sprinkled multiple times with water, and the service is finished. The general purpose of the water, as was referenced prior, is to represent the washing ceaselessly of wrongdoing, concerning the individual, or soul, of the kid. The way that the text style is at the passageway of the congregation shows how it will advance throughout everyday life, through to its last point in the congregation, after its burial service. Submersion is significant in the congregation, as, without it, one isnt viewed as an unadulterated individual from the assemblage. As the good book says, in 1Corinthians 6:11: You have been washed cleanyou have been sanctifiedyou have been proclaimed honest for the sake of our Lord Jesus Christ and with the soul of our God. Demise For dust you are and to tidy you will return Genesis 3:19 Similarly as immersion is significant, along these lines, additionally, is passing. It is the last thing, which definitely happens to us all. In any case, aside from all that, it also is a movement: from life into either Heaven or Hell (obviously, in the event that one has been the best sort of individual they could have been, through their life, at that point Hell isnt even considered). Be that as it may, a few agnostics do choose to have their memorial services in a congregation. Some think this shouldnt be permitted, as they havent acknowledged God. Self destruction is likewise contemplated. Some Christian groups, The Roman Catholic Church and Jehovahs Witnesses specifically, accept self destruction to be a wrongdoing, as it isn't the privilege of any person to choose whether they or another should live beyond words, are denied a Christian internment. In this nation, however, the fundamental group, the Church of England, oversees all Protestants in England to have a Christian inte rnment, except if indicated by the subject in their will, a composed articulation, or potentially verification from a nearby connection. Subsequently, paying little mind to certain people groups wishes, they are given a Christian memorial service along the lines of the accompanying. Prior to the burial service, the funeral director will set up the body, dressing it in the deceaseds most loved garments, or a cover, after which, it in a final resting place. It is then brought home, or to a sanctuary of rest, where companions and family members can go, to offer their final appreciation. This is known as the wake. Upon the arrival of the memorial service, itself, the final resting place, normally positioned with embellishing blossoms and so on, is brought to and from the congregation in a funeral wagon, or a pony drawn carriage, taken through to the high special raised area, at the front of the congregation, by the pallbearers, and the administration starts. Psalms are sung, and supplications stated, to present the administration, before the clergyman makes a tribute to the expired. At that point the individuals who were near the expired will give a short discourse, or tribute, before another lesson is lectured, and more supplications and psalms. At long last, the final resting place will be taken to the graveyard for entombment or incineration, and a last supplication will be said (which is the place the well known Ashes to Ashes, residue to tidy comes in), before the body is covered or consumed. A while later, there is typically a gathering, where a toast is made to the perished. Section Two Marriage (and Divorce?) Let marriage be fair among all Hebrews 13:4 In Christianity, marriage is holy. A bond, which can, and should, never be broken. The joining of two people, who become as one. As the holy book says, in 1Corinthians 7:10-11: a spouse ought not withdraw from her husbandand a husband ought not leave his significant other. It unmistakably expresses that partition, or even separation, would be a transgression. There are four central matters, which Jesus distinguished, concerning marriage: 1) Adultery is the main justification for separate from whoever separates from his significant other, with the exception of on the ground of sex, and weds another submits infidelity. Matthew 19:9 2) The spouse is the leader of the house, and as head, he should love, care, and regard his better half Let wives be in coercion to their husbandshusbands keep cherishing your wives, similarly as Christ likewise adored the gathering Ephesians 5:23-25 3) Christians ought to wed just different Christians just in the Lord 1Corinthians 7:39 4) A man is to have just a single spouse a man will leave his dad and mom and he should adhere to his significant other and they should become one tissue. Beginning 2:24 Be that as it may, this is deciphered in an unexpected way, among various Christian divisions. For example, in the Roman Catholic Church, there are positively no reason for separate by any means, not even infidelity gives a reason for it. On the off chance that a Roman Catholic divorces, he is confronted with the possibility of suspension. The equivalent goes for the other three purposes of marriage. What's more, on the off chance that he needs to wed once more, he isnt allowed to do as such in a congregation. With Jehovahs Witnesses, infidelity is a ground for separate, yet the one and only one, and still, after all that, a spouse or wife ought to be excusing, and separation ought to be treated if all else fails. In the Church of England, two individuals may not have any desire to be marry, yet they may simply need a gift, in this manner being recognized as hitched according to God and the congregation. The Greek Orthodox Churchs see is fundamentally the same as that of the Roman Ca tholics, in that marriage is one of the most blessed states to be in, and must be seen all things considered. Consequently, if a couple separate, they are believed to be flimsy in their confidence. Inside all ranges of Christianity, however, marriage apparently is sacrosanct, compared to the connection among Jesus and the Church. As is written in Ephesians 5:23: a spouse is leader of his better half as the Christ additionally is leader of the assemblage. Accordingly, all Christian categories treat it genuinely. Two individuals can't, simply spontaneously, wed, since that choice will influence the remainder of their lives. Along these lines, wedded Christians ought to be continually mindful of their conduct around individuals of the other gender, and their life partner. Initially, being at the top of the priority list of what marriage is about, individuals ought to pick cautiously, before marriage, choosing if they genuinely love the other individual enough to live with them, joyfully, for the remainder of their lives. Next, during marriage, they ought to know that consistently, they should be at the top of the priority list of their accomplice, and how what they do will influen ce them (Im considering principally infidelity, however in any event, being a tease, if the mate doesnt like it, is trying things out of the relationship). At long last, on the off chance that one is thinking about separation, Christianity firmly urges the individual to take a gander at their accomplice in the best light conceivable, and consider what made them need to wed them in any case. By the day's end, however, a few lessons state, it is at last the people decision, yet and still, at the end of the day, it affects the mate. Most groups, however, don't favor of, or look well on, separate by any means.

Shelly, Mary Frankenstein Lack Of Verisimilitude Essay Example For Students

Shelly, Mary: Frankenstein: Lack Of Verisimilitude Essay Kristin McOlvinApril twelfth, 1999Mr. LoefflerEnglish 12Lack Of Verisimilitude in FrankensteinIn Mary Shellys gothic novel Frankenstein, the peruser must suspend doubt during numerous significant focuses in the plot. There are additionally numerous irregularities in the minor subtleties of the story. This absence of verisimilitude might be seen by perusers today, yet in the ninteenth century, when this novel was composed, perusers were excessively alarmed with the story line to see the implausibility of huge numbers of the happenings. For instance, the second that Frankenstein offered life to the already lifeless type of the being he made, he stays fixed to the spot while the colossal beast leaves. Than Frankenstein never hears anything else from him for about two years. The creator guessed that Frankenstein has the ability to convey life to dead issue, yet how would we guess this animal learns propensities? On the off chance that Frankenstein could have invested his animal with the indispensable rule of a hundred creatures, it would have not have had the option to stroll without beforehand having done as such, similarly as it would not have the option to talk, reason, or judge. Victor doesn't imagine that he could bless it with resources just as life, but then when it is about a year old we discover it perusing Werter, and Plutarch and Volney.The entire detail of the improvement of the animals psyche and resources is loaded with these irregularities. After the animal leaves Frankenstein, on the night it sprung up, it meanders for at some point in the forested areas, and than relocates to a sort of shed bordering to a bungalow. Here it stays for a long time without the occupants knowing, and figures out how to talk and read by watching them through an entire in the divider. As should be obvious from my models, Mary Shellys tale Frankenstein needs a lot of verisimilitude. I have given you instances of the beast alone, however these unlikihoods go on all through the plot too. This isn't new for a sci-fi, just as a gothic novel, where commonly conviction must be suspend so as to get the impact to creator is attempting to put out.

Essay on the Next Global Stage Free Essays

string(48) financial foundation of the globalization so far. [pic] SEMINAR CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT Essay on ?The Next Global Stage ? By Kenichi Ohmae 2005, Pearson Education, Inc, distributing as Wharton School Publishing, New Jersey. ATLANTIC INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY HONOLULU, HAWAI July 2007 Introduction In his book, The Next Global Stage, Challenges and Opportunities in our Borderless World, the writer Kenichi Ohmae, one of the world’s driving business and corporate planners, makes the key point that Globalization is a reality, setting down deep roots and relentless. Moreover, we are moving to the following worldwide stage, drove by the world first class of â€Å"internet-ians†, a sort of worldwide clan, and our pioneers in a borderless world. We will compose a custom exposition test on Exposition on the Next Global Stage or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Ohmae doesn't address at any second the supportability of the worldwide world development model, nor the rules that standard globalization, nor the human privileges of various nations, nor some other qualities. He acknowledges that benefit and the success and even riches are a piece of the entrepreneur worldwide world . Those nations, districts all the more so in his wording, companies or people that don't have the adaptability to adjust to the new reality will be cleared out by the financial and social powers developing and driving globalization. The creator clarifies in detail, the key drivers of the globalization, for example, the â€Å"no theory† of the economy elements, the influence of the basic stages for progress and development, the English language of Microsoft PC working frameworks, or the pervasiveness of worldwide brands. He calls attention to the new face innovation is giving the world and instances of governments which put monetary thriving at the bleeding edge of their motivation, free of the political framework, I. e. China, other non equitable nations and nations with a political framework dependent on singular opportunity. Ohmae centers around the specialized limits and abilities that the pioneers of the new worldwide world must have so as to prevail in it. It is an intriguing book that offers a dream of monetary development where the fundamental target is to pull in the cash as speculation, neighborhood or remote, to those regions that make the waitlist of most fascinating spots to contribute and make riches. Ohmae portrays the aptitudes expected to succeed in it and the attributes of productivity and intensity that draw in financial specialists. His perspective is that of the capital, without considering the opportunity or human rights issues in human social and monetary development. In this sense the book is disputable. It doesn't address Globalization and clarifies with generally excellent contentions the guide to accomplishment in it. The transcendence of the capital over some other creation factor or human advancement is accepted. Ohmae is one of the most well known tacticians, business people, and scholastics in business and the board hypotheses and practices. He concedes that conventional financial speculations don't work any longer and that the contextual investigation approach, in view of gaining from an earlier time and generally followed in western colleges needs significance to the future and is out of date to dissect and find out about the new real factors. He is a devotee to development and administration as a way to improve the aptitudes of future business pioneers (and political ones, freely of their belief system, incomprehensibly enough). I will break down, create and remark on the principle thoughts contained in this significant book, recommendable to every one of those managing in the improvement of financial, business and the executives hypotheses and practices. Regardless of whether one is an expert or a scholastic, I feel that a considerable lot of the thoughts are exceptionally applicable to our worldwide world. In the event that you need to prevail in it, this book contains numerous plans for progress. The inquiry that I will be attempting to reply all through this paper is whether you can skirt the topic of the model of financial development in a reasonable manner for the planet. What's more, along these lines for humankind . I will add my plans to the examination in the ends. I will begin my examination of the book by talking about the key thoughts. Section 1: The Stage The world as a phase World wide music visits are an image of globalization . The creator utilizes â€Å"Riverdance†, the Irish melodic with its Celtic music and Irish moving, as a representation for the worldwide economy. It is started and performed by members of various nationalities and is delighted in numerous nations or ‘stages’. It is an exemplified case of players in the worldwide stage. The worldwide economy is undetectable, yet its belongings are obvious all through the world. We are players on the worldwide stage and we as a whole vibe its belongings, regardless of where they happen. Ohmae says that China is the nation that is profiting the most from worldwide economy, particularly those districts like Dalian, that have a methodology of being alluring with motivations to pull in direct remote Investment or DFI . China can't be viewed as a solidarity however as a gathering of districts with various methodologies and levels of political and financial autonomy. Truly, those areas are rivaling each other for venture and assets, not from China, yet from the outside world. Ohmae clarifies the instances of two nations that have grasped globalization, for example, Ireland and Finland. The first by drawing in DFI and the subsequent one by holding onto the internationalization as the characteristic circumstance, in addition to the development and information based economies that the two nations advance. They have accepted the entire world as their common market, and they have not been monetarily nationalistic. What is the Global Economy? x Borderless Tariffs are vanishing, yet outskirts despite everything exit for individuals and products for security and wellbeing. However, as far as the key elements of business life, the world has gotten borderless. These business factors are assigned as the four C’s : interchanges, capital, enterprises and purchasers. - Effective correspondences, with the improvement of web in the mid-1990s onwards the world is getting genuinely borderless. The subsequent C, capital, helped by the deregulation of money related markets, is likewise a recipient of a borderless world with the US dollar the fiscal foundation of the globalization up until this point. You read Exposition on the Next Global Stage in class Paper models - The third C, enterprises, have been effectively reacting to the globalization by finding their capacities in various nations, in other words, for instance, RD in Switzerland, Engineering in India, Financing in London, and so forth - And the last C, shoppers, empowered by the web to think about costs and items and settling on substantially more educated decisions. And furthermore the items are made in various nations, e. x. its texture in one nation, its gathering procedure in another and its plan in a third one. . Undetectable Transactions and repayments of cash presently happen generally on and through PCs. Additionally the B2B exchange trades, or as C2C barters. Most ATMs around the globe give cash in the nearby money with remote charge cards. Its absolutely impossible that legislatures can comprehend what you have pulled back and spent abroad or the amount you have gone through with a charge card to buy products and ventures across national fringes. Digital associated The worldwide economy would not be conceivable without the digital innovation permitting a lot of information to be moved unfathomably rapidly. The web is just its most open piece. Voice over IP (Internet Protocol) is quickly encouraging and making less expensive the correspondences. Everything and everyone with access to the web can interface. . Estimated in products â€Å" Money causes the world to go round†. Cash is the fundamental and practically single an incentive in the worldwide economy. Investors request to make the most of business openings with desires for benefit. Ohmae states that the present globalization process is in its earliest stages and more changes, a significant number of them lasting, will proceed to profit the world. Globalization is a chance to make more riches and success, up to one has the plans or aptitudes important to prevail in it. His view stands out obviously from the negative assessments of these equivalent highlights communicated by other nature situated creators and financial experts. As I would see it, we must be sure and inside the worldwide stage and build up the abilities that speak to an advancement ofhumanity towards a superior stage,provided that utilizing those qualities to make financial motivating forces depend on the support and recovery of the maintainability of the planet. At the end of the day, I feel that including new â€Å"values in the market† economy can coordinate or divert advancement towards those manageability esteems, for example, assurance of human rights, opportunity, vote based system and security of the earth. In my judgment, that is the place a portion of the protectors of a collectivist way to deal with improvement aren't right. The human individual flourishes in a free worldwide stage that secures and advances the correct qualities with an administrative system dependent on opportunity and majority rules system, so the planet can expand its riches and arrive at all the edges of it. Premiere night: Globalization began with the most significant Earth-changing occasion . The premiere night of private enterprise turns around the data and telecoms upheaval, with Bill Gates as the embodiment of this new period. The fall of Soviet socialism was because of the opening of Russia (The Soviet Union) on account of Gorbachev and his changes with the â€Å"glasnost† (straightforwardness). This was another key change towards a borderless globalized world. The dollar as the world cash after the understanding of the G5 in New York, and the flexibilization of money conversion scale. The Fiscal upheaval to battle Budget shortage in the 80’s in the USA was another key factor for the monetary upset in broad daylight account manageme

Competition Freaks Essay

As indicated by Dr. Phil, Everybody likes to be a champ, yet a few people are â€Å"competition freaks† who must be first, be the best or win at all that they do. This excessively serious nature as a rule causes strain in their own connections. â€Å"Love and rivalry are oil and water, they don't mix,† Dr. Phil cautions. He offers the accompanying guidance for serious individuals who need to defeat their need to contend, and figure out how to unwind and appreciate what they have. Being serious in our scholarly, working and individual lives can be useful for making progress and moving into the positions of magnificence and fabulousness. Serious mentalities can assist you with feeling empowered, ready to take on provoking errands and prepared to accomplish numerous things throughout everyday life. In any case, serious conduct that isn't circumspect of your prosperity or even in its application can cause significant damage, prompting implosion and maybe shunning the very individuals you care about the most. REFERENCE: http://www.drphil.com/articles/article/510 http://www.wikihow.com/Be-Competitive-in-a-Non-Destructive-Way 1. Self-centeredness B. Impacts OF COMPETING 1. NEGATIVE EFFECT 1.1 SELF-HATRED Another danger of covering our serious emotions is that we may turn them around and use them to feel terrible about ourselves. A direct serious idea like, â€Å"I detest that he is so savvy and consistently says the privilege thing,† may transform into an assault toward our selves like, â€Å"You are so dumb. No one can tell what to state. He is a great deal more captivating than you.†Ã‚ When we betray our serious sentiments, we betray ourselves. We feel embarrassed about what our identity is and what we need. Rather than looking to copy the individuals we respect, we just tear ourselves down according to them. With such huge numbers of negative signs of smothering our direct serious emotions, how might we face them all the more genuinely and make a point to utilize them in sound manners? Above all else, we need to recollect that feeling serious isn't tied in with letting these feelings dominate or ruminating in negative contemplations. It’s about tolerating our normally happening serious reactions, feeling them completely and proceeding onward. We can acknowledge that we have these sentiments a great deal of the time. We can even play around with them, letting ourselves have the nastiest idea conceivable, at that point releasing that idea. Doing this as an activity can feel perfect, solid and in any event, reviving. As showed by the above models, when we smother our serious sentiments, they have a method of saturating and affecting our conduct. However, each time we recognize that we have these contemplations, we can deliberately pick how we need to act. We can be substantially more proactive in turning into the best form of ourselves, both tolerating ourselves and advancing, as the roused (and serious) people that we inalienably are. 1.2 JEALOUSY/BEING ENVY Serious emotions can be loaded with envy. Permitting ourselves to have serious musings won't leave us succumbing to relentless attacks of jealousy or doubt. At the point when we keep down our solid and regular serious emotions, we reinforce the negative pieces of those sentiments â€jealousy included. Rather than building a body of evidence against somebody, we can confront the truth of our sentiments and receive a more beneficial mentality. For instance, a person I know as of late uncovered to me a point of view he experienced at a gathering with his better half. He saw that she was cheerfully talking with others, including a couple of men for the duration of the night. From the start he thought, â€Å"She is thoroughly playing with my companion. For what reason does she light up around him? Is it true that she is more into him than me? I should simply dump her before she makes a blockhead out of me.† At a specific point, he understood that what he was truly feeling was serious. He needed her to react to him the manner in which she was reacting to others at the gathering. His reasoning immediately changed to, â€Å"I love when she is fun like this. I need to impart that to her.† Instead of listening toâ the voice in his mind that instructed him to pull away and act cold to her, he joined her and occupied with kidding around with her. By being cheerful and fun himself, she was normally attracted to him, and they were both ready to feel nearer and more joyful with one another. On the off chance that he’d followed up on his envious frailties, as opposed to conceding he felt serious, he would have accomplished the exact inverse. 1.3 SELF-DENIAL One of the most exceedingly terrible consequences of denying our serious emotions is that it can make us dismiss what we truly need throughout everyday life. Since sentiments of want or desire make us awkward, we may imagine that we don’t need whatever we once ached for any longer. On the off chance that somebody we really liked goes out with another person or if a vocation we met for fails to work out, we can without much of a stretch betray ourselves and become self-denying. Rather than intuition, â€Å"I truly needed that, and I’m incensed that I didn’t get it,† we may think, â€Å"I don’t even give it a second thought. I never truly needed that. I’m not going to put myself out there to humiliate myself again.† When we participate in this example, we become progressively latent. Instead of following what we want, we maintain a strategic distance from it, all in light of a legitimate concern for denying our â€Å"unacceptable† serious emotions. REFERENCE: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/empathy matters/201309/the-benefits-feeling-serious 2. POSSITIVE EFFECT 2.1 MAKES YOU PERSEVERE At the point when you take a gander at somebody in front of you and you take the necessary steps to make up for lost time to them†¦that is the embodiment of constancy. You don’t surrender until you are at the top. Without rivalry, we would have no motivation to drive forward. We wouldn’t know our cutoff points and how far we can extend them. The prizes of constancy are inestimable and to experience such rewards, you need an explanation, and rivalry is that reason. 2.2 HELPS ASSESS YOUR STRENGHTS AND WEAKNESSES Following up from my past point, what you do see is the thing that you are doing well and what you are fouling up. With rivalry, you have an approach to quantify how well or how ineffectively you are getting along. Recognizing what you are acceptable at and what you are not is critical, in light of the fact that achievement is tied in with emphasizing your qualities and concealing your shortcomings. How well you achieve this decides how far you go. REFERENCE: http://www.ineedmotivation.com/blog/2008/05/7-positives-of-rivalry/

Launch of the Center on Global Energy Policy COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Launch of the Center on Global Energy Policy COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog If you are interested in global energy policy, you may be interested in joining us for a special conference to celebrate the launch of Columbia Universitys Center on Global Energy Policy. Michael R. Bloomberg, Mayor of the City of New York, will provide opening remarks. Thomas Donilon, National Security Advisor to President Obama, will provide keynote remarks followed by an on-stage conversation with Daniel Yergin, Pulitzer-Prize winning author and founder of Cambridge Energy Research Associates. Other confirmed speakers include: Ryan Lance, Chairman and CEO of ConocoPhillips; Daniel Poneman, US Deputy Secretary of Energy; Carlos Pascual, Special Envoy and Coordinator for International Energy Affairs with the US Department of State; and Dr. Andrew Steer, President and CEO of the World Resources Institute. The conference will be held on Wednesday, April 24th from 9:00am to 1:00pm at Columbia University in Low Memorial Library Rotunda.   Register here. To learn more about what is happening at the Center on Global Energy Policy, click here.

Phobias The Unknown - Free Essay Example

One day a group of girls took a trip, walking, after school. It was three of them, and they had all been best friends for years. The girls usually walked home together every day, but this walk was different. The girls were on a mission. Today the girls were trying to overcome a common fear together. As they knew, they were all afraid to walk over their towns bridge. The girls chatted about their school day and what they would do once they got home all the way there, each girl trying not to let their nervousness show. They all started walking slower and slower as they reached the scariest bridge their fifteen-year-old eyes had seen. One of the girls told the others that it was time to cross the bridge and get it over with. She went first. Treading lightly for the first few steps, she looked down at the water under the bridge, trying not to think of the worst that could happen. Once she made it to the middle, the highest point, of the bridge, she smiled back at her other two friends and motioned for them to try next. The next girl, after seeing the first friend easily walk up the bridge, was eager to get the next go. Like the first girl, her first few steps were treaded lightly. She then raced to the middle of the bridge while admiring what was beneath her. She met her friend with a high five and a hug and then they turned together to encourage the last girl standing. The last girl took a hesitant deep breath. Her heartbeat had increased and she had started to sweat. Her chest heaved up and down as she began to get more and more worked up. She could not do it. Even though she had just seen her two friends make it safely across the bridge, she could not do it. The last girl had a phobia of heights classified as acrophobia. A phobia is more than just fear. Whereas fear is the response to a real threat, a phobia is the exaggerated response to an anticipated threat. While the anxiety disorder of Phobias may seem like an unimportant formal name for fear, a phobia is much more complicated. Phobias are a type of anxiety disorder. Phobias came to be known as what they are in the early 1800s. The writer, Mario Maj, defined a phobia as an, intense fear that is out of proportion to the apparent stimulus, cannot be explained or reasoned away, and leads to avoidance of feared stimulus. pg. 1 As in the example with the three girls, the first two were just afraid to go over the bridge. There was nothing holding them back and in the end, they accomplished their goal of getting over the bridge. But the third girl, no matter how hard her friends tried to motivate her and plead her to come across there was no way it would ever happen. While her friends may never understand what happened at that moment, a phobia is not something a person can just get over. This chart from Harvard University Health Business Blog shows that phobias are the most common type of anxiety disorder in the United States. With nineteen million people, that have been reported, in the United States with the ph obia disorder, it is unbelievable that people dont know half as much as there is to know about the disorder. There are three different categories to a phobia. Once a person is diagnosed with a phobia, they then have to decide if they have a specific phobia, social phobia, or agoraphobia. Specific phobias are one type of phobia. Specific phobias are the most common types and are often called the simple phobia. This type of phobia could include a wide variety of phobias, as a specific phobia is defined as a phobia of a specific thing. The phobia of flying, spiders, or closed spaces, for example, are all specific phobias and all have their own name. The name for the phobia of closed spaces is claustrophobia. These phobias usually develop in the early ages of childhood from four to eight years old. A child usually develops phobia from a traumatic childhood experience. A child could also develop a phobia from just being around someone with the same phobia. Social phobia is one other listed type of phobia. Social phobia is one of the complicated phobias. The phobia is complicated in the way that no one really knows how they come to be. Social phobia is when the person is afraid of large groups of people. This phobia brings out the fear of being singled out. Even if no one is paying them any attention, a phobiatic person in this setting would think they are being judged by every single person in the room. Agoraphobia is the third type of phobia to be named. It is the second type of complicated phobia. Agoraphobia is the fear of the possibilities of what could happen. A phobiatic person with the type agoraphobia would live their lives, always on the verge of panicking. A person with any type of phobia avoids their fear, but with agoraphobia the fear becomes almost impossible to avoid. A phobia can only be diagnosed once symptoms start to show. There are many symptoms of phobia. A phobiatic person would have anxiety that they can not control in the presence of fear and try to avoid it. A person may also begin: sweating, having abnormal breathing, a heartbeat acceleration, trembling, getting hot flashes, having chest pain, nausea, and dizziness. BS6 Once the symptoms are recognized it is best to seek help so that treatment can be applied. Although phobias are treatable, many people with specific phobia usually just avoid their fear. With the complex phobias, treatment is almost necessary. There is no one medication for a treatment. The doctor usually tailors the medication to the person and their phobia. Some possible treatments could include: beta-blockers which help with anxiety, anti-depressants which help the mood of the person, and tranquilizers which help with symptoms. Treatments could also include behavioral therapy which is a more head-on approach to the ph obia. This usually just helps the person find the source of the fear and learn how to cope with it. Phobias are different from fear. Phobias are more complicated. There are three different types of phobia. Some phobias are simple and some are complex. A phobiatic person is normal; they just feel and deal with fear differently. It is important to understand the concept of phobia in case it ever reaches someone near you. Phobias are more than fear.

Case Analysis Ms. Celebrity - 2025 Words

Another analogy can be made in regards to the Allen case to Fallback’s possible litigation. In the possible Fallback litigation, Ms. Celebrity, a prominent celebrity, brought an action against a business for misappropriating her likeness in an advertisement, just as in the Allen case. The picture or portrait of Ms. Celebrity in this case is a robot, as opposed to a lookalike in the Allen case. In accordance to the Allen case the viewers of the advertisement must think that the person actually appeared in the advertisement. In the Allen case this question was left up to a jury, however, in the Fallback case it can be inferred that no person would believe that the robot in the advertisement was Ms. Celebrity herself. The fact that the†¦show more content†¦In the Fallback litigation, Ms. Celebrity is upset because everyone is teasing her about the advertisement just as in McNulty where the plaintiff tries to bring his claim due to unwanted annoyance and banter. The court deems this cause of action not applicable though, therefore Ms. Celebrity’s claim would not proceed based on the annoyance and teasing she endured as a result of the advertisement. Ms. Celebrity may argue that her claim should survive because, unlike The Naked Cowboy, the persona she plays on television and her is one in the same. This claim can be easily refuted though by a few major points. The first point is that television is most often scripted. Ms. Celebrity, even if she does play herself on a reality television show, more than likely does not portray herself as she normally would all of the time. Another point to be made is that Ms. Celebrity is doing her job when she is on television. The Ms. Celebrity on television is a persona that she plays, and is paid to play. In order to keep her job Ms. Celebrity has to act a certain way to attract and retain viewers. To insinuate that she always acts the same way off camera as she does on camera is not plausible. The element of the statute requiring that the plaintiff’s likeness be used without her consent will not be satisfied in this case. This is because no viewer could mistake the robot used as Ms. Celebrity, Ms. Celebrity’s persona was

Styles of Historiography Herodotus vs Einhard - 940 Words

The Styles of Historiography: Herodotus vs. Einhard Herodotus and Einhard write history in two completely different styles. Einhard’s style is about giving specific details, while Herodotus’s style is about giving his own personal opinions and information that he has from secondary sources. The biggest effect of the difference amongst the two historian’s style of writing is the fact that Einhard’s history of Charlemagne’s life gives information that makes it seem as if the events were realistic, while some of the events that Herodotus talks about seem conjured. The Two Lives of Charlemagne gives details about the life of Charlemagne. The entire story praises Charlemagne as a great hero and leader. All the qualities of the†¦show more content†¦He states, â€Å"the opinion that I have expressed about the extent of Egypt is supported by an oracle delivered from the shrine of Ammon which came to my notice after I had formed my own conclusions.†[10] This shows how the style of w riting by Herodotus is written through the belief of telling of the future and predictions which makes it not an accurate source of history. The styles of writing differ through the fact that Einhard gives what seems to be accurate details, while Herodotus gives information through other people and personal beliefs. The reason for this may be the difference in when the two historiographies were written. The Histories, was written much earlier and beliefs in oracles and having babies talk on there own might have seemed likely to people of that time. Two Lives of Charlemagne was written by someone who encountered the events he wrote about and lived in a time period where mystical beliefs were not as common. The biggest effect between the two writers is that we can believe that most of what Einhard says was true, while we cannot take all of Herodotus’s beliefs as seriously. Works Cited 1. Einhard, â€Å"The Life of Charlemagne,† in Lewis Thorpe, trans., Two Lives of Charlemagne (London: Penguin, 1969). 2. Herodotus, â€Å"The Histories Book 2,† in Aubrey de Selincourt, trans., Herodotus The Histories (London: Penguin, 1954).

Bullying Bullying And Bullying - 880 Words

Ever since this incident administrators have taken serious actions and the bullying has dramatically decreased. Students ceased to create rumors about him. They don’t physically abuse him or call him names in front of his peers anymore. However, he still gets talked about behind his back but of course it’s not as bad as before. He visits his counselor on a weekly basis and things have gotten much better. I’m glad that I stuck around to be there for him while he struggled with such a horrible time. We all need someone to be there and care for us. We all need a shoulder to cry on every once in a while. Bullying is happening in schools all across America and teens need to start helping those who need it the most. We need to start taking action and stop being scared to fight for what we think is right. I admit that maybe before I lived these instants of bullying with my friend that I would have been scared. It is scary to stand up to someone that is intimidating. The fear of being a victim yourself can overpower your desire to step in and help. But if one person steps up, others will follow and the bullying chain will end. Such is the power of one voice that can save someone from being bullied at school. Bullying is a problem that starts as early as in elementary. Little things like excluding people and leaving them out of the group on purpose can make a person feel rejected and hurt. Many schools have a no-toleration policy for bullying but it’s really the children whoShow MoreRelatedBullying And Bullying : Bullying1180 Words   |  5 Pages Bullying is defined as unwanted or aggressive behavior that causes someone to feel afraid or intimidated. This behavior could be something physical, verbal, or something done electronically or through social media. If someone feels threatened by someone’s actions or words, it could be considered bullying, even if that was not the intent.There are many types of bullying, how to recognize bullying, how to report bullying, what to do if you see incidents of bullying, and what resources are availableRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying985 Words   |  4 PagesBullying You may hear the word bullying a lot but never actually knew what it meant, well know is the time to know and be aware of what’s happening around you. Bullying is the use of force, threat, or aggressively dominate others. Bullying is common worldwide but there are specific types that are more common than others, there are four types of common bullying one of them is verbal bullying meaning when someone calls another person name, treating, and making disrespectful comments about someone isRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying1366 Words   |  6 PagesKyle McBrady Ms. Coyle English 2A (3) 9 December 2014 Bullying Leading to Violence Bullying is when a person abuses his power to another person by causing physical or mental harm to the victim who is often weaker, says Dictionary.com (Bullying). This definition can be applied to a recent story in The Washington Post, where bullying caused a student by the name of Jaylen Fryberg to shoot his friends in a lunchroom cafeteria. Jaylen and his girlfriend had recently broken up and she began cyberbullyingRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying1000 Words   |  4 Pages Bullying was defined as overly powered strength used when intimidating one, demanding ones request. Cyberbullying was defined as using electronic devices such as computers, texting, cellphones, iPad’s, etc. Bullying and Cyberbullying are similar in so many ways. One major similarity is aggressiveness, which is used to cause harm to a victim. They both are done to cause the victim pain. Cyberbullying and Bullying are neither often reported. Bullying is repeated behavior over and over again. ThoseRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying1387 Words   |  6 PagesAn average bullying session lasts about 37 seconds; an adult intervenes in the problem about one in twenty-five times (Bullying Facts). Bullying is seen as aggressive and unwanted behavior between two or more people (Aspa).   Most people who are not involved in the actions going on do not really know it’s happening.   Most parents do not even know when their child, or children, are being bullied (Bullying Facts).   Bullying can be prevented if the right consequences take place.   Parents and schoolsRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying769 Words   |  4 Pagesphysically bullied on the premise and cyber-bullying. The females reported more Cyber-bullying, off-school premises, through text massages and social media outlets. The males reported a higher rate of physical bullying on the school premise than the females. Students reported the occurr ence of physical intimidation preventing younger students to access hallways. Also, student’s who are perceived as â€Å"different† are target and taunted. Currently, the bullying behavior seems to be accepted by the staffRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying948 Words   |  4 Pages Bullying Teasing and playing around are all part of growing up; however, what happens when it happens over and over. The Hernando County Code of Conduct defines bullying as: systematically and chronically inflicting physical hurt or psychological distress, or physical behavior, including and threatening, insulting, or dehumanizing gesture, by a student or adult, that is severe or pervasive enough to create an intimidating, hostile, or offensive educational environment; cause discomfort orRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying Essay1924 Words   |  8 Pages Bullying is a very touchy subject for people to talk about. It deals with a lot of mental, physical, and emotional damage. Bullying is violent and unwelcoming behavior among various different aged children in school that involves a lack of power for one kid and a lot of power for another. The behavior of a bully is repeated numerous times over time and becomes more aggressive as the path goes on. The bully has an imbalance of pow er over the one being bullied. They bully uses their power for givingRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying941 Words   |  4 PagesThere are different ways to describe bullying. Stopbullying.gov states the definition of bullying is â€Å"unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance.† Webster’s dictionary portrays the definition of bullying is to frighten, hurt, or threaten (a smaller or weaker person): to act like a bully toward (someone), or to cause (someone) to do something by making threats or insults or by using force. Violenceproventionworks.org mentions A personRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying1030 Words   |  5 PagesKassandra Barragan Ms. Filar English 4/ Per: 1 9 May 2017 Bullying While doing research on bullying, I found studies on subject like cyber bullying, physical bullying, and verbal bullying. Bullying is a big problem now and has been in our society for some time. What is disturbing is that school is supposed to be a place where students learn and try to get away from outside problems but sadly some see it as a battlefield or place of survival. According to Webster s Dictionary, a bully is someone

Inhumane Factory Farms Should Be Treated With Compassion...

Inhumane Factory Farms All animals should be treated with compassion and protected from suffering, throughout their lives. Sadly billions of factory farm animals lack the basic protections under the law. A factory farm is a large-scale industrial operation where thousands of animals are retained for food. Factory farms, or industrialized facilities, maximize profits by treating animals as production units rather than sentimental creatures. The facility threatens them with antibiotics and hormones to maximize and prevent disease their growth and food output. The antibiotics fed to the animals on a consistent basis cause many humans to lose some of their ability to fight strains of certain bacteria. The farm also forces animals to breed and produce young at accelerated unnatural rates that cause stress and exhaustion. Animals raised for food are jam-packed onto trucks and transported to the slaughterhouse without food or water, when they have finally grown large enough. Those who survive the punitive expedit ion are often conscious while their throats are split. The problem with the farm is so many animals being confined in one place creates an environmental hazards, such as land, water, and air pollutions. Factory farms are inhumane and contribute to many health problems for humans, and animals. The science behind global warming is complex. The major cause of global warming is greenhouse gas pollution the main contributors are tar sand, natural gas, and coal plants. In

What Three Qualities Do You Think Are Most Necessary for a Good Parent Free Essays

Nowadays people say that not everyone is capable of upbringing a child. Parenthood, which used to be a natural status for almost anyone, is now the source of long debates among couples and a very profitable field to writers and publishers. First of all, a good parent should be a good listener, a person who understands what his or her child needs. We will write a custom essay sample on What Three Qualities Do You Think Are Most Necessary for a Good Parent or any similar topic only for you Order Now Parents that listen are supportive people who put aside their high expectations and will keep their ears open for their young offspring, ready to advise no matter what. Secondly, patience must characterize every person who is bringing up children. That means that we must be ready to forgive the mistakes of the inexperienced , young children and that we must help them not with violence , arguing and patronizing but by drawing the line, setting the right example and being steady and consistent. Finally, I believe that parents ought not to consider their children as an expansion of themselves. They should not be egocentric and they should find the courage to accept their children’s choices and reactions not as a battle but as if their children are showing them the way to how to be a better parent, teaching them the important values of equality and mutual respect. In conclusion, I think that to be a parent is a life-changing experience and a huge responsibility. After all, the children of today are the parents of tomorow and they should be given the right example to follow later at life. Thalia Procopiu Director of Studies 2011, Greece How to cite What Three Qualities Do You Think Are Most Necessary for a Good Parent, Papers

Part One Shakespeares Alleged Blunders in Legal Terminology Essay Example For Students

Part One Shakespeares Alleged Blunders in Legal Terminology Essay Part One Shakespearequot;s Alleged Blunders in Legal Terminology Mr. William C. Devecmon of the Maryland bar has written an extremely interesting book* to establish the proposition that Shakespeare was not trained to the law. His arguments are strong and well expressed. But he is not so successful in the attempt in his last chapter to set forth Some of Shakespeares Errors in Legal Terminology. We propose to examine briefly his allegations as to this matter. The instances he cites of supposed inaccuracy are as follows: I. Queen. Tell me what state, what dignity, what honor Canst thou demise to any child of mine? King Richard. Even all I have; ay, and myself and all, Will I withal endow a child of thine. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?Richard III, IV, iv, 248-251 Upon this passage Mr. Devecmon comments, Dignities and honors could not be demised; and be cites Comyn and Blackstone. We answer. 1. If we interpret the word demise in its technical sense, the queen, who asks the question implying the negative, speaks correctly. King Richard cannot so demise them. 2. But if Shakespeare, after his wonted manner, uses the word in something like its root sense send down or away, transfer, transmit, like endow two lines later in the sense of equip, furnish, again we say the phraseology is accurate enough. In neither word does he imply a technically legal process. 3. If it be a mistake, is it not a very natural one in the mouth of the queen not learned in the law? It may impart verisimilitude. II. Hamlet. Besides, to be demanded of a sponge! What replication should be made by the son of a king? ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?Hamlet, IV, ii, 12, 13, Spragues Edition. Says Devecmon, A very few days, or, at most, weeks, of practical training in a lawyers office, would have sufficed to teach Shakespeare that this is an incorrect use of the word replication. He adds, that, in the technical language of the law in pleadings, a replication is the plaintiffs reply to the defendants plea. Answer. 1. This is not in the course of pleading. Shakespeare uses replication precisely as Chaucer had done more than two hundred years before in his Knights Tale line 1846, Gilmans edition in the sense of replyÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? My wyl is this, for plat conclusioun Withouten any replicacioun. It is found in the same sense in the Lovers Complaint Passionate Pilgrim, 1609 and Loves Labors Lost, IV, ii, 16. In Julius Caesar I, i, 44-46, Spragues edition we read, Have you not made an universal shout That Tiber trembled underneath her banks, To hear the replication of your sounds? Here it is manifestly in the sense of echo, repetition, or reverberation. 2. Hamlet, speaking nearly six centuries before the play was composed, can hardly be thinking of the pleadings in Elizabethan courts. He never saw the inside of any Chitty on Pleadings. Shakespeare, then, put no mistake in his mouth; but, if he had done so, it would have proved nothing against Shakespeares knowledge of the law. III. Thaliard. For if a king bid a man be a villain, he is bound by the indenture of his oath to be one. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?Pericles, I, iii, 6, 7. Says our critic, Here the oath of allegiance is referred to. The use of the word indenture is entirely out of place. Answer. 1. This passag e is conceded by all the best Shakespearean scholars, or nearly all of them, to be by some other pen than Shakespeares. His part of Pericles, if he had any hand in its composition, does not begin till we reach Act III. 2. If Shakespeares, it is reasonable to explain the word as metaphorical, as it surely is in King JohnÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Upon thy cheek lay I this zealous kiss As seal to this indenture of my love. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?II, i, 20. In Hamlet V, i, 104, Spragues edition, and in I Henry IV, II, iv, 44; III, i, 80, 139, 257, indenture is used in its strict legal sense, showing that Shakespeare was fully aware of its technical signification. 3. The last scene in Pericles takes place in the Temple of Diana at Ephesus. Is it not preposterous to expect a lord of Antioch in that play, some hundreds of years B. C. , to use with scrupulous precision the law phraseology of Shakespeares age? IV. Hotspur. Methinks my moiety, north from Burton here, In quantity equals not one of yours. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?I Henry IV, III, i, 96, 97. Some modem lawyers and text-writers, remarks Devecmon, use the word moiety as inaccurately as Shakespeare, as though it could mean a third or any part. Answer. 1. Moiety here refers to a third part. It seems to have been rarely if ever restricted to the mathematical half. 2. Eight times in Shakespeare e. . in Hamlet, I, i, 90, Spragues edition the word is used as the equivalent of portion. It is the French moitiÃÆ'ƒÂ © from Lat. medietas, and, like Lat. medius and Eng. mid, does not necessarily imply division in the exact middle. Half was also vaguely used by the old writers for side or Part, as we now often use the word quarter. Thus Chaucer has, O n fourÃÆ'ƒÂ « halvÃÆ'ƒÂ «s of the house about. Millers Tale, Gilmans edition line 3481. The freshman could quote good authority for his translation of the first sentence in Caesars Commentaries, All Gaul is quartered into three halves! Says Moberly, The word moiety, like halb or half, originally means only a part; as desshalb and similar German words show. V. Queen Katherine to Wolsey. I do believe, Induced by potent circumstances, that You are mine enemy, and make my challenge You shall not be my judge. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?Henry VIII, II, iv, 74-77. To challenge, declares our critic, is to object to those who are returned to act as jurors. The judge was not subject to challenge. Answer. 1. To challenge in Shakespeare is found at least eighteen times in the sense of to claim as of right. Very likely therefore it is so used here. It would suit the context perfectly. 2. This court is ecclesiastical rather than secular, an extraordinary tribunal, proceeding by canon rather than by common law. The two cardinals, Wolsey and Campeius, are at once judge and jury. If the queen has in mind the usages of law trials, the word challenge is nevertheless felicitous. 3. But if not so, this Spanish-born Katherine, who is laboring under tremendous excitement, and who is not versed in hair-splitting legal distinctions, may be excused for using the word without technical accuracy. It may well mark her extreme agitation. VI. Horatio. Our valiant Hamlet * * * Did slay this Fortinbras; who, by a sealed compact, Well ratified by law and heraldry, Did forfeit with his life. * * * ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?Hamlet, I, i, 85-87, Spragues edition. Quoting from Rapalje Lawrences Law Dic. , Devecmon says, Ratification is where a person adopts a contract or other transaction which is not binding on him because entered into by an unauthorized agent. In this passage, says Devecmon, well ratified by means strictly in accordance with. He adds, As a legalism its use is out of place. Answer. 1. The burden of proof that well ratified by is out of place is on the critic. King Hamlet, probably by his ambassador, made a compact with Fortinbras, King of Norway. Before this compact could become binding, it had to be ratified by King Hamlet. What evidence have we that it was not so ratified? If, then, the word is to have its technical sense, it is in all probability corr ect. 2. But if it is not to bear its technical meaning, what valid objection can be offered to its use? Shakespeare is much given to employing words in their radical sense. Ratified, from Lat. atus, fixed, and fac to make, fi- to be made, is equivalent to confirmed. In the sense of confirm, sanction, or make valid, he uses it at least seven times e. g. Macbeth, III, vi, 33, Spragues edition; Tempest, V, i, 8, Spragues edition. Skelton has it to the same effect in his Colin Clout 1520, Levins in his Manipulus Vocabulortim 1570, Bacon in his Political Fables 1605. Why should not Shakespeare in the passage quoted from Hamlet? 3. Horatio, the Dane, six centuries before, could hardly be expected to be familiar with the legal terminology of Littleton, Coke, and Selden. _______ Part Two Shakespearequot;s Alleged Blunders in Legal Terminology VII. King Claudius. Therefore our sometime sister, now our queen, The imperial jointress of this warlike state ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?Hamlet, I, ii, 8, 9, Spragues edition. On this passage Devecmon quotes Co. Litt. 46: Jointress, a woman who has an estate settled on her by her husband, to hold during her life if she survive him. He comments, Queen Gertrude could have neither a dower nor a jointure in the Kingdom, of Denmark. Answer. 1. King Claudius in the eleventh century, courting popularity, and not having the fear of English or American lawyers before his eyes, uses both the word imperial and the word jointress with poetic vagueness, yet with a deceitful assumption of right, as if Gertrude were indeed an empress dowager. The phrase imperial jointress is adroitly used, and it shows Shakespeares deep insight into the kings cunning. 2. If not so, the word, being quite rare, may well be used, as most commentators claim, simply for sharer, partner, joint occupant. VIII. Boyet. So you grant pasture for me [offering to kiss her. Lady Maria. Not so, gentle beast. My lips no common are, though several they be. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?Loves Labors Lost, II, i, 221, 222. Devecmon asserts, Shakespeare doubtless knew that one cannot at the same time hold a thing in common and in severalty; and if so, he here sacrifices his knowledge for a mere play on words, which I fancy a professional pride, if he had any lega l training, would not have permitted him to do. Answer. This is a question not of knowledge but of taste. Would Shakespeare, if he had been a trained lawyer, have perpetrated such puns? Perhaps not. The way in which Shakespeare dramatizes the prejudices of his own society in the court scene of The Merchant of Venice EssayGive me at least my 10,000 ducats , says the Jew. The judge replies, I will give you nothing: if you will have the pound of flesh, take it: if not, I will order, etc. We must again insist that these crude proceedings of a court held perhaps five hundred or a thousand years ago are not intended as a picture of an Elizabethan tribunal scene, but that the dramatist, while following English usage sufficiently to make his audience understand what is supposed to be taking place, is really in imagination in mediaeval Venice, giving the very age and body of the time his form and pressure. The same fact must be borne in mind in considering the fifth specification under Devecmons charge against Shakespeare, of ignorance, unreason, and injustice; viz. , 5. The court quickly resolves itself into one of criminal jurisdiction, and the Jews life and goods are declared forfei ted. This is one of those particulars in which Devecmon holds that the trial scene disregards all ideas of law, justice, and morality for mere dramatic effect. Answer. Although this particular feature is not in the Italian novel on which, as we have seen, Shakespeare constructed a great part of the trial scene, it, as also the other proceedings, finds a close parallel in a case narrated by Mr. John T. Doyle of Califomia in the Overland Monthly of July 1886 partly reproduced in Furnesss Variorum Edition of Merchant of Venice, pp. 417-420. Let us premise some particulars. Sojourning for some months in the city of Granada, Nicaragua, in 1851 and 1852, Mr. Doyle became involved in half a dozen lawsuits, in several of which the five following steps occurred: 1. The magistrate Alcalde directed some one present to go and call the plaintiff into court. So Mer. of Venice, IV, i, 14 the duke sent for Shylock, Go and call the Jew into court. 2. The facts being agreed upon, the judge in Nicaragua announced that he proposed to submit the case to a practicing lawyer, a jurisconsult, unless competent objections were made. In like manner Mer. of Ven. , IV, i, 100, 101 we hear the duke say, Bellario, a learned doctor, whom I have sent for to determine this. Bellario, being ill, dispatches the disguised Portia to act in his stead, if accepted Mer. f Venice, IV, i, 153-156, Spragues ed.. The duke graciously accepts the substitute, saying, You are welcome; take your place IV. i, 161. 3. The plaintiff, too, must distinctly accept the referee. After some delay Shylock does this with emphasis IV, i, 229-230 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? I charge you by the law, Whereof you are a well-deserving pillar, Proceed to judgment. 4. One condition further mu st be fulfilled to give the new judge complete jurisdiction; the defendant also must formally assent. Antonio does it cordially IV, i, 234, 235 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Most heartily I do beseech the court To give the judgment. 5. Another curious coincidence comes to light between the custom in Spanish-American countries and that exemplified in Venice; as we may fairly infer from what takes place in IV, i, 397-444. Mr. Doyle tells us that the custom of the country costumbre del pais required that the successful party, in a suit in which such amicus curiae was called in, should bestow on the referee a honorarium gratification they called it for his services. It was $200 in Doyles case. Similarly the duke suggests, Antonio, gratify this gentleman IV, i, 397. Three thousand ducats are accordingly offered the brilliant jurisconsult, Portia. She declines the money, but takes in lieu of it gloves and a precious ring. 6. We come now to what Devecmon regards as the climax of ignorance or illegality, the sudden assumption of criminal jurisdiction by this court. Mr. Doyles parallel case is in brief outline as follows: A question arose in this city as to the disposition of the estate of a gentleman who had been slain at Mazatlan in an encounter with his partner, while discussing in anger the state of their accounts. There had been a trial over the case in Mexico. The surviving partner put forward claims before our court, which caused me, in behalf of the next of kin of the deceased, to send to Mexico for a complete transcript of the judgment record there. [Mr. Doyle here gives an account of the official inquiry as to the cause of death. The inquiry was made before the Alcalde, who conducted the inquiry with evident partiality to the survivor. At the conclusion the Alcalde acquitted him. Intermediate proceedings took place. ] The Fiscal States Attorney, on behalf of the State, intervenes, and appeals to the Supreme Court. There the witnesses are re-examined; they contradict each other badly, and break down * * * The judgment below is then reversed, the defendant sentenced to death, and the Alcalde, before whom the trial had been had below is sentenced to pay a fine of $100 for his partiality and misconduct! There is no reason to suppose that this Mexican case is a solitary instance. A sufficient investigation would probably reveal the fact that in all the Spanish-American nations, and very likely in all of those of southern Europe, at least in their early stages, courts of justice, like Turkish cadis today, freely exercised equity, civil, and criminal jurisdiction. How Shakespeare came to know of these customary forms, or, if he did not know of them, by what strange accident he lighted on them, is a mystery. Mr. Doyle remarks, If Shakespeare knew nothing of Venetian law, there was no great improbability in assuming it to resemble that of. Spain, considering that both were inherited from a common source, and that the Spanish monarchs had so long exercised dominion in Italy. Let us at any rate be slow to charge him with ignorance. The range and accuracy of his information, says Lowell, were beyond precedent or later parallel. Like many before him, Devecmon charges Portia i. e. Shakespeare with cruelty towards Shylock, cruelty surpassing that of the thumb screw or the rack, in making him abandon the cherished religion of his fathers and his race, and embrace the hated religion of the Christian. Such critics forget that, according to the current belief in those remote ages and even in Shakespeares day, instead of cruelty, the greatest possible kindness was shown to Shylock, rescuing him as a brand from the burning. They verily believed that, by professing Christianity and receiving baptism, he would be saved from endless damnation and made sure of an. eternity of bliss! Devecmon accuses Portias rulings as being bad in morals, aside from the law. Here is a man who for three months has had murder in his heart, and has often gloated over the anticipated joy of killing the irascible yet sweet-souled Antonio. He has come in order to perpetrate the horrid deed in open court. There, in presence of the duke, he has whetted the knife to cut out Antonios heart. He has scouted the pathetic appeals of the duke and of Portia for mercy. He has produced the scales which he has brought into court to weigh the flesh. He has fiercely avowed his fixed intent. He is, impatient to spring like a tiger upon his meek victim. He has broken the law of Venice and of God. He has forfeited life, prosperity, and liberty. Yet he is instantly pardoned. He is set free. He is allowed to retain half of his ill-gotten millions, to do with them as he pleases. The other half is held in trust for his daughter and her husband, the whole to be theirs upon his death. Says Devecmon, We feel little pity for Shylock, but our sense of reverence for the law is shockedÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?the majesty of the law is degraded. But what majesty of law is upheld when a contract contra bonos mores is allowed to be enforced? Such Devecmon concedes this to have been, quoting the familiar maxim, Ex turpi causa lion oritur actio. The law of the Twelve Tables, which we have quoted, and which in the remote past was interpreted to permit the creditors to cut an insolvent debtor in pieces, was very likely in Shakespeares mind. He applies a crucial test. He shows its sharp antagonism to the higher law; that, Mercy is above this sceptred sway. Never again, in England at least, could a law authorizing murder seem valid. It was high time that some one should show that when mans law squarely conflicts with Gods law, mans must give way. Majesty of Law! Would it, then, have vindicated the wicked law, or made it more revered, if Portia had permitted the butchery of Antonio? We have a law, and by that law he ought to die, said some of the ancestors of Shylock John, xix, 7, and the greatest crime of all the ages was perpetrated, it was claimed, in strict accordance with law! Homer B. Sprague, Ph. D. , Ex-Pres. Univ. of N. Dakota.

RelativeComplete the following sentences using app Essays - Pronouns

RelativeComplete the following sentences using appropriate relative pronouns.Question 1The thief stole the bicycle has been caught.thatwhichwhothat or whoQuestion 2Show me the road .. leads to the railway station.thatwhichwhothat or whichQuestion 3He . does his best should be rewarded.whothatwhichwho or thatQuestion 4My grandfather, I loved, is dead.whothatwhichwhomQuestion 5Kalidas, .. wrote some fine dramas in Sanskrit, is often called the Shakespeare of India.whowhichthatwho or thatQuestion 6He is a rogue . no one trusts.whowhomthatwhichQuestion 7That boy you see there sings very well.whomthatwhichwhom or thatQuestion 8Coal, is a very useful mineral, is found in many parts of India.thatwhichwhowho or thatQuestion 9John, sings very well, is popular among the girls.whowhichthatwho or thatQuestion 10We bought some apples from .. we extracted the juice.whowhomwhichwhoseAnswers1. The thief who / that stole the bicycle has been caught.2. Show me the road that / which leads to the railwa y station.3. He who / that does his best should be rewarded.4. My grandfather whom I loved is dead.5. Kalidas who wrote some fine dramas in Sanskrit is often called the Shakespeare of India.6. He is a rogue whom no one trusts.7. That boy whom / that you see there sings well.8. Coal which is a very useful mineral is found in many parts of India.9. John who sings well is popular among the girls.10. We bought some apples from which we extracted the juice.Demonstrative InterrogativeComplete the following sentences using a demonstrative or interrogative pronoun.1. is that boy sitting next to Peter?2. was a horrible experience.3. are our children.4. is the road that leads to the railway station?5. told you this story?6. . do you mean?7. .. shall we invite to preside over the function?8. is your phone?9. Are the people living in a village happier than .. living in a town ?10. is your father?11. . is the house that belongs to my grandfather.12. shall we contact?13. . can answer this questio n?14. .. bag is this?Answers1. Who is that boy sitting next to Peter?2. That was a horrible experience.3. These are our children.4. Which is the road that leads to the railway station?5. Who told you this story?6. What do you mean?7. Whom shall we invite to preside over the function?8. Where is your phone?9. Are the people living in a village happier than those living in a town?10. Who is your father?11. This is the house that belongs to my grandfather.12. Whom shall we contact?13. Who can answer this question?14. Whose bag is this?IndefiniteIndefinite Pronoun Worksheets7th grade8th grade9th gradeMiddle SchoolHigh SchoolCollegeWorksheetsimage: http://www.yourdictionary.com/image/articles/19213.ThinkstockPhotos-483658714.jpgIf you need some indefinite pronoun worksheets, here are two for you to use. The first one will be very basic and cover identifying indefinite pronouns. The second of the indefinite pronoun worksheets will cover singular and plural indefinite pronouns and subject- verb agreement.Indefinite Pronoun WorksheetsWorksheet #1A. Directions: Underline the indefinite pronouns in the following sentences. There are 10.Everybody enjoys a good movie.Does anybody have the time?One sang while the other played the guitar.Nobody knows the trouble I've seen.The secret was known by few.No, the secret was known by many.Calculus is too hard for some.Surely you recognize somebody.Is there anything that I can do? Read more at http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/pronouns/indefinite-pronoun-worksheets.html#8rOA9kGwRYOAEBkk.99

Sample Biology Essay Questions

Sample Biology Essay QuestionsAre you considering whether to take a course in biology essay or a course in biology? If so, you have to decide if you want to take a biology course in the first place or if you would rather go for a biology essay course.Biology essay is much more practical than biology course as it offers you the opportunity to use your writing skills to research and present a very good written report of your findings. The ability to write good facts can help you make a better impression with the hiring managers when they are reviewing your resume. Even if you are not seeking a job in the career field of biology, you can still benefit from the following sample biology essay questions.Here is a simple question that you can use to test your skills. To begin, you should list all the major details about the animal that you have found in your study.Write some interest questions about this animal and write as if you were talking to a friend or acquaintance. Do not be afraid t o dig a little deeper into this subject. You should be able to make the following points clear to the readers. These points include:Most interesting facts about this animal are related to the question of why it is in the environment. For example, it is often seen scavenging in the trash. It can also sometimes be seen eating dead animals and therefore it is not a carnivore.You should also include some interests facts. Some important facts to consider are:The more you know about the animal you are studying, the better it will be for you to know some other information about it. After all, writing about an animal is not enough. You also need to be able to talk about it in a real-life manner and explain why it behaves the way it does.

Essay about Task 2

Essay about Task 2 Essay about Task 2 TaLonne Gungle LWT1 Task 2 The secondary school in which I will be using for my program is a rural school in central West Virginia. The school district includes the entire county. The percentage of Caucasians is 98.4% with all other races at 0.2% or lower, respectively (U.S. Census Bureau, 2014). The residents have a low socioeconomic status. According to the West Virginia Department of Education (2014), 58.43% of students are considered economically disadvantaged. The median household income is $29,282 with 22.4% living at or below the poverty level (U.S. Census Bureau, 2014). The most recent unemployment data shows that this county has an unemployment rate of 11.5% (West Virginia Research, Information and Analysis Division, 2014). According to the West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission (Reed, 2014), this county has the lowest percentage of high school seniors attending an institution of higher learning at 36.5%. Procedures to Assess Workforce Engagement The administration of this educational institution evaluates workforce engagement by conducting an annual review of all teachers using the state adopted educator evaluation system. Teachers are divided into different progressions based on their years of experience. Advanced progression teachers have taught for six or more years, intermediate progression teachers have taught for four-five years, and initial progression teachers have taught three years or less. The evaluation system includes a self-reflection, observations, student learning goals, and school-wide growth in reading and mathematics. The self-reflection and final annual review are the same rubric. The teacher places themselves in whichever category they feel they belong based on the rubric. The administration conducts observations throughout the year in order to compile data to complete the annual review rubric. The teacher is also required to create two student learning goals, collect data, and evaluate the performance. The school-wide growth in reading and mathematics is based on student test scores on the state standardized test, and the growth is measured by the state department of education. Results Promote High Performance Based on their performance, teachers earn a performance level of distinguished, accomplished, emerging, or unsatisfactory. Teachers who earn an unsatisfactory rating are required to complete a corrective action plan that addresses their deficits. The educator evaluator system is successful in that teachers know what performance level they have earned, and can make corrections to be better teachers. This system also requires teachers that score unsatisfactory to focus on their deficits and correct them. If these deficits are not corrected, the teacher is terminated. This requires all teachers be successful and continuously meet the requirements set forth by state code. Process Improvement The administration meets with each teacher after their observation has been complete. The administration tells the teacher which performance level they have been assigned, but do not explain why. This part of the educator evaluation system could be improved by the administration completing the required rubrics and then explaining why the teacher has been assigned that performance level. Without an explanation and more substantial conversation about the observation, the teacher is unable to make corrections or improve parts of their instruction. If the teacher were provided with this information, the teacher could make the necessary improvements to be a better teacher. Labor Association Collaboration The school organization’s leadership team does not effectively collaborate with the labor association representatives. The leadership team does not meet with the labor association representative unless a major issue that affects most staff arises; small issues are not addressed through the labor representative. Several teachers were asked to use their planning periods to cover

Lystrosaurus Facts and Figures

Lystrosaurus Facts and Figures Name: Lystrosaurus (Greek for shovel lizard); pronounced LISS-tro-SORE-us Habitat: Plains (or swamps) of Antarctica, South Africa, and Asia Historical Period: Late Permian-Early Triassic (260-240 million years ago) Size and Weight: About three feet long and 100-200 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Short legs; barrel-shaped body; relatively large lungs; narrow nostrils About Lystrosaurus About the size and weight of a smallish pig, Lystrosaurus was a classic example of a dicynodont (two dog toothed) therapsid- that is, one of the mammal-like reptiles of the late Permian and early Triassic periods that preceded the dinosaurs, lived alongside the archosaurs (the dinosaurs true ancestors), and eventually evolved into the earliest mammals of the Mesozoic Era. As therapsids go, though, Lystrosaurus was on the much less mammal-like end of the scale: its unlikely that this reptile possessed either fur or a warm-blooded metabolism, putting it in stark contrast to near contemporaries like Cynognathus and Thrinaxodon. The most impressive thing about Lystrosaurus is how widespread it was. The remains of this Triassic reptile have been unearthed in India, South Africa and even Antarctica (these three continents were once merged together into the giant continent of Pangea), and its fossils are so numerous that they account for a whopping 95 percent of the bones recovered at some fossil beds. No less an authority than the famous evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins has called Lystrosaurus the Noah of the Permian/Triassic boundary, being one of the few creatures to survive this little-known global extinction event 250 million years ago that killed 95 percent of marine animals and 70 percent of terrestrial ones. Why was Lystrosaurus so successful when so many other genera went extinct? No one knows for sure, but there are a few theories. Perhaps the unusually large lungs of Lystrosaurus allowed it to cope with plunging oxygen levels at the Permian-Triassic boundary; perhaps Lystrosaurus was somehow spared thanks to its presumed semi-aquatic lifestyle (the same way crocodiles managed to survive the K/T Extinction tens of millions of years later); or perhaps Lystrosaurus was so plain vanilla and unspecialized compared to other therapsids (not to mention so petitely built) that it managed to endure environmental stresses that rendered its fellow reptiles kaput. (Refusing to subscribe to the second theory, some paleontologists believe that Lystrosaurus actually thrived in the hot, arid, oxygen-starved environments that prevailed during the first few million years of the Triassic period.) There are over 20 identified species of Lystrosaurus, four of them from the Karoo Basin in South Africa, the most productive source of Lystrosaurus fossils in the entire world. By the way, this unprepossessing reptile made a cameo appearance in the late 19th century Bone Wars: an amateur fossil-hunter described a skull to the American paleontologist Othniel C. Marsh, but when Marsh didnt express any interest, the skull was forwarded instead to his arch-rival Edward Drinker Cope, who coined the name Lystrosaurus. Oddly, a short time later, Marsh purchased the skull for his own collection, perhaps wishing to examine it more closely for any mistakes Cope may have made!

Lystrosaurus Facts and Figures

Lystrosaurus Facts and Figures Name: Lystrosaurus (Greek for shovel lizard); pronounced LISS-tro-SORE-us Habitat: Plains (or swamps) of Antarctica, South Africa, and Asia Historical Period: Late Permian-Early Triassic (260-240 million years ago) Size and Weight: About three feet long and 100-200 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Short legs; barrel-shaped body; relatively large lungs; narrow nostrils About Lystrosaurus About the size and weight of a smallish pig, Lystrosaurus was a classic example of a dicynodont (two dog toothed) therapsid- that is, one of the mammal-like reptiles of the late Permian and early Triassic periods that preceded the dinosaurs, lived alongside the archosaurs (the dinosaurs true ancestors), and eventually evolved into the earliest mammals of the Mesozoic Era. As therapsids go, though, Lystrosaurus was on the much less mammal-like end of the scale: its unlikely that this reptile possessed either fur or a warm-blooded metabolism, putting it in stark contrast to near contemporaries like Cynognathus and Thrinaxodon. The most impressive thing about Lystrosaurus is how widespread it was. The remains of this Triassic reptile have been unearthed in India, South Africa and even Antarctica (these three continents were once merged together into the giant continent of Pangea), and its fossils are so numerous that they account for a whopping 95 percent of the bones recovered at some fossil beds. No less an authority than the famous evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins has called Lystrosaurus the Noah of the Permian/Triassic boundary, being one of the few creatures to survive this little-known global extinction event 250 million years ago that killed 95 percent of marine animals and 70 percent of terrestrial ones. Why was Lystrosaurus so successful when so many other genera went extinct? No one knows for sure, but there are a few theories. Perhaps the unusually large lungs of Lystrosaurus allowed it to cope with plunging oxygen levels at the Permian-Triassic boundary; perhaps Lystrosaurus was somehow spared thanks to its presumed semi-aquatic lifestyle (the same way crocodiles managed to survive the K/T Extinction tens of millions of years later); or perhaps Lystrosaurus was so plain vanilla and unspecialized compared to other therapsids (not to mention so petitely built) that it managed to endure environmental stresses that rendered its fellow reptiles kaput. (Refusing to subscribe to the second theory, some paleontologists believe that Lystrosaurus actually thrived in the hot, arid, oxygen-starved environments that prevailed during the first few million years of the Triassic period.) There are over 20 identified species of Lystrosaurus, four of them from the Karoo Basin in South Africa, the most productive source of Lystrosaurus fossils in the entire world. By the way, this unprepossessing reptile made a cameo appearance in the late 19th century Bone Wars: an amateur fossil-hunter described a skull to the American paleontologist Othniel C. Marsh, but when Marsh didnt express any interest, the skull was forwarded instead to his arch-rival Edward Drinker Cope, who coined the name Lystrosaurus. Oddly, a short time later, Marsh purchased the skull for his own collection, perhaps wishing to examine it more closely for any mistakes Cope may have made!

Collaborative Teaching Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Collaborative Teaching - Research Paper Example This article provides information on the impact of collaborative and self-teaching for primary and early childhood education teachers. The article explores the effect of changes in the learning and teaching in a sociology paper for first years for the ECE students. Teacher educators wanted to know the effect of the paper changes influenced on learning and teaching the students. The teachers had a collaborative teaching relationship for three years creating an environment, which recognized the voice of the students through student-teacher engagement.Research question:What are the strengths and challenges of collaborative teaching in enhancing teaching and learning? The research question is important as it seeks to identify the successes and challenges of collaborative teaching, which is the basis for this research. Research hypothesis:Collaborative teaching influence teaching and student learning. The aim of the research was to test different approaches to teaching and learning in big classes through self-study by examining personal values and professionals practice. The research took three years from 2010 to 2012 involving two-teacher educators and a primary and ECE first-year teachers. The students were enrolled in the paper with the title of ‘Whanau’, which was taught to both the ECE and primary teachers doing Bachelor of Education degree. The participants worked together, shared feelings of satisfaction, joy, disappointment, and frustration and made room for solutions.

Compare and contrast Drucker and Whyte's analysis of corporate Essay

Compare and contrast Drucker and Whyte's analysis of corporate bureaucracy - Essay Example In this case, the organizations had to make some changes, for instance, there was an introduction of cheaper cars, fast foods and smaller housing units, which were meant for the nuclear family (Whyte, 1956). This also led to a situation where managers became risk averse (Whyte, 1956). This was evident from the decisions that they took in the companies. The managers believed that if they made less risky decisions, the decisions would have no consequence on the firms, even if they had the potential of giving the best outcomes to the company. The aim was to maintain things as they were instead of changing the corporate world because, if something went wrong, they were the ones who would take the blame, and in doing this, they would maintain their jobs for a long time. This was the main reason for the bureaucracy in the companies. Whyte focused his research on many companies in finding the results indicated above. Conversely, Drucker focused on one company in doing his investigations. Drucker had worked for General Motors for several years, and he focused on this company for his research (Drucker, 1946). He specifically reviewed what happened inside the company and how this affected the performance of the company. He also studied the management of the company and the decisions that they made in order to access what caused the success or failure of the company (Drucker, 1946). Therefore, Drucker was interested the power structure, managerial decisions and its autonomy, and how other people in and out of the company reacted to these factors (Drucker, 1946). According to Drucker, the bureaucracy in companies started from inside the organizations where management aimed to maintain control of the organizations through centralizing power (Drucker, 1946). The management could dictate everything that was to be done a nd their orders were to be followed

The strategy of teamwork

The strategy of teamwork INTRODUCTION For many years now, the strategy of teamwork has been widely used in many organizations. One of its motives is to translate organizational values into specific rules of conduct created by team members, thereby, allowing the creation of self-managed identification with organizational goals (Webb, 2006). Many contemporary theorists believe that working in teams tends to solve most if not all challenges faced by organizations. It tends to end the bureaucratic form of control, improving efficiency and productivity while providing employees an avenue for socialization, self-actualization and participative management (Johnson and Johnson 1987). It is important to organize work around teams in some cases. For instance, in other to ensure the successful outcome of the National Health Service (NHS) project in the UK, general practitioners, IT experts, project managers and other professionals would need to collaborate and work together. However, behind this seemly pleasant style of work lie certain undesirable traits and characteristics. The essay begins by presenting popular understanding of teams and some positive ideologies that support the use of teamwork. It then goes further by critically analyzing these ideologies and identifying some unproductive characteristics exhibited by teams. The premise of this essay is not trying to be cynical about the benefits that teamwork offers but rather expose some traits which reveals that it does not ‘always benefit organizations, and particularly, its members. This would profit us by having a broader understanding about its strengths, shortcomings and implication about its use. WHAT ARE TEAMS? Teamwork as an approach to how work is organized is not new but rather historic; probably older than the phenomenon ‘formal organization (Benders and Van Hootegem, 1999). Management literature began sensing its benefits in the 1920s (Wilson, 2004). Studies reveal many companies using teamwork as a way of organizing work (Cully et al. 1998; Cohen et al., 1996). Today, ‘team player skills usually needs to shown be potential employers to stand a chance of employment. A team is a small number of people with complementary skills, committed to a common purpose, having set of performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable (Katzenbach and Smith, 1993, p113). Teams are thought to be ‘special form of groups because members have a more shared focus in all regards as opposed to seeking individual goals. Teams develop direction, commitment, and momentum by working to shape a meaningful purpose (Wilson, 2004, p206). There are some teams regarded as self-managing teams because they have more authority to self-regulate throughout the task (Cohen et al., 1996). Teamwork has been popularized to be a remedy for solving inflexible structures to work and alleged inefficient bureaucratic control, and enhancing employee higher-order ‘growth and ‘relatedness needs by job enrichment and empowerment (Bratton el at., 2007, p313). Socialtechnical theorists claim that teamwork improves employee discretion, thereby leading to commitment, motivation and satisfaction (Wilson, 2004). Teams enhance organizational dimensions by providing flexibility, motivation and learning (Knights and Willmott, 2007). Effective teams has also been framed as always task-oriented with confluence, having participative and shared form of leadership and tending to overcome the subversive forces of power, conflict and emotion (Sinclair, 1992). CRITICAL ANALYSIS ABOUT TEAMWORK In reality, teams are not always composed of the clearly perfect picture that ideologists and management gurus claim it to be. Team members are still humans and could exhibit their sense of individuality and purpose, which at certain times could be conflicting. Some views about teamwork are unitary (Burrell and Morgan, 1979; Storey, 1995) which only assumes cohesion not conflicts between members thereby writing off teams that actually exhibits tension and strife as not ‘real teams. In addition, the focus is centrally on achieving greater productivity with little emphasis to feelings, personal reflections or experience of team members (Metcalf and Linstead, 2003; Wilsons, 2004). To claim that teamwork is always beneficiary to the organization and its members, certain measures are required to ascertain its effectiveness. Does teamwork always produce remarkable results? Are team members always satisfied with the environment set for them to operate in and create themselves? Are they always willing to continue contributing? Do organizations always have control in channeling team outcomes? It appears that from the enjoyable and seemly pleasant surface of teamwork lie a murky side. Rhetoric of exploitation by working harder Teamwork is a sleeker form of oppressing labour to suck out optimal performance. It allows employees work ‘harder and smarter (Parker and Slaughter, 1988), intensifying labour from workers (Knights and Willmott, 2007; Wilson, 2004). Teamworks goal is to cultivate organizational values into members by making them more participative and giving them a bit of autonomy, thereby instilling in them passion to thrive and work further even outside their contracted job schedule without being paid. Moreover, team members in addition to their tasks have to supervise other colleagues ensuring they do their work. Teams have huge responsibility in ensuring delivery of tasks despite varying situations such as absenteeism, slackness or even change of members. These places profound burden on the rest of the team (not the organization) as additional efforts is required to nullify them as seen in the NUMMI case (Parker and Slaughter, 1988; Knights and Willmott 2007). Team members embrace self-dign ity by striving harder to ensure the teams success work not minding additional labour. While this benefits organizations who are obviously looking for maximum labour at minimum cost, it does not for team members because stress levels, tension and pressure are heightened as work is intensified and could lead to negative effects on employees well-being (Wilson, 2004). Concertive control and surveillance The strategy of teamwork is an effort to improve the traditional bureaucratic control. However, a tighter form of control, ‘concertive control tends to exists within team-based work (Barker, 1993). Similar ethnographic study by Kunda (1992) showed similar control used to gain unstinting commitment from employees. Traditionally, management was responsible for setting rules and regulations for employees. With teamwork, members set their own rules possibly forming stricter punishment for defaulters (as seen in Barkers case at ISE). Team members monitor actions ensuring total conformity with norms, meting out punishment to defaulters (Sewell, 1998). Employees feel additional pressure knowing that they are under surveillance from other team members, which may pose unhygienic to working environments. It appears that the freedom that teamwork promises seems contradictory to its reality. As Barker (1993, p435) rightfully argues that powerful combination of peer pressure and rational rules forms tighter form of cages as opposed to contemporary claims. It is worthy to note that teams are not truly effective if they get the job done but self-destructs or burns everyone out (Roberts and Corbett, 2009, p150). Conflicts of power and leadership traits Many contemporary theorists believe that groups that do not have conflicts over power or authority and have good interpersonal relations pass as real or working teams. However, studies show that groups do experience various forms power (French and Raven, 1959) which is not equally distributed (Fiorelli, 1988). The most influential or powerful individuals could maneuver the team efforts to possibly suit their own interests rather than the teams. Janis (1985) notes that political factors due to autocratic leaders cause high decision-making errors. Less powerful members have no choice but to concede to the opinions of these elite members despite the fact of their convictions about its failure. Decisions readily accepted unanimously without contests, weakens the efficiency of teams (Sinclair, 1992). ‘Groupthink (Janis, 1972) existence is likely in teams that try to reduce conflicts by cohesiveness and consensus without critical analysis and evaluation. The output of work in this case is not thorough and lacks excellence since further evaluation and alternatives may not be considered. An illustration is the famous NASA Shuttle Challenger case in 1986 where the engineers had to concede to launch the shuttle despite their concerns about its safety resulting into tragedy. It is difficult to eradicate the concept of leadership in teams, as they are important to their efficiency (Sinclair, 1992; Roberts and Corbett, 2009). Wilson (2004) argues that there difficulties in recruiting team leaders because the perception about their qualities varies. Bad leaders not being able to steer the team in its right course often lead to counterproductive results. Emotional conflicts and Resistance Teams are prone in displaying certain emotions during tasks that deters its efficiency (Ashkanasy el at., 2000). In the findings by Alan (2005), emotions are positive at the start of the project but tend to be negative as the project grows affecting the overall team process. McKinlay and Taylor (1996), Ezzamel and Wilmott (1998) shows emotional conflicts arise from unfairness and inequalities of peer evaluation system such as attaching benefits to individuals and variations in pay. Others causes include the need for belonging or frustrations having to conform, ‘social loafing or too much dominance by some members. All these negative emotions can produce actions that restrain team members towards putting in their best thereby impeding teamwork results. In the pyramid case, the system of peer review was a disciplinary mechanism by management to encourage individual performance and prevent free riding in the team but employees opinion that all team members should get equal benefits since the overall output was a team effort disrupted managements strategy. Contrary to ‘hegemony theory that management always exercises dominant influence over teams, it does not always appear so. In some teamwork cases, elements of conflicts and contention causes member to demand more control over their work process than what is available to them leading to renegotiation of managerial authority boundaries (Vallas, 2003). His study shows evidences of organizational tensions, contradictions and solidarity among workers restricted managements hegemonic control over their culture. This might frustrate managements strategy of imbibing their agenda into teams. Present managers might also frustrate organizations plight for teams because it might render them no longer necessary. Teamwork draws employees to micro-management of tasks (Milkman, 1998) and Peters (1987, p296) argues that because teams become self-managing, they tend to eliminate first-line supervisory jobs. This means that their services might become redundant or hinder their chances of promotion as seen in the traditional era of management (Sims, 1995). Time efficiency issues Meetings are places where teams spend lot of work time discussing issues and arriving at decisions (Briggs, 1997). In a research conducted by Olson and Olson (1999) on educators in the U.S., team members indicated weaknesses in effectiveness of meetings and timelines. From experience, being in team meetings could take a huge amount of time giving little time for the actual task. Covey et al. (1994) highlights the importance for strategies to help groups maximize time indicating the possibility of getting too engrossed in fruitless meetings. CONCLUSION There are some instances whereby individual performance is preferred to teamwork. Teamwork at times lead to frustration and ultimate failure when there are senses of hidden agendas, lack of understanding, poor leadership, wrong mix of team members and unhealthy team environment such as stress and unrealistic expectations (Yeung and Bailey, 1999). There is no single experience of teamwork as Knights and McCabe (2000) finding shows three classes of peoples experience as bewildered, bothered or bewitched. It is therefore inappropriate to claim teamwork is always beneficial to its members. In addition, team systems may open up possibilities beyond those which management intends (Derber and Schwartz, 1983). It is clear as some research suggests (e.g. Wall et al., 1986) that teamwork increases productivity. 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